English Constructional Diversity Analyzer


GUI Application for Measuring Constructional Diversity of English Texts

Published by Haerim Hwang

English constructional diversity syntactic complexity syntactic diversity natural language processing python

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  • The Constructional Diversity Analyzer (CDA) measures Constructional Diversity of English texts, which can serve as an alternative index for L2 syntactic development/proficiency.

  • This analyzer (a) sorts clauses into 11 constructions, (b) calculates the token frequency of constructions (i.e., number of clauses) and type frequency of constructions (i.e., constructional diversity), (c) computes the frequency and proportion of each construction, and (d) measures the type frequency of verbs (i.e., verbal diversity) within each construction. Six of the constructions come from Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 1995; i.e., caused-motion construction, ditransitive construction, intransitive-motion construction, intransitive-resultative construction, phrasal-verb construction, transitive-resultative construction); the other five are common English constructions (i.e., attributive construction, passive construction, simple-intransitive construction, simple-transitive construction, there-expletive construction).


  • This tool has been developed using spaCy and Kivy.

  • Click Here for Mac
    • You may need to CONTROL-CLICK the app icon and then choose OPEN from the shortcut menu when this app is identified as one created by an unidentified developer on your device!

  • Click Here for Windows

  • It can take 1 to 3 minutes to open the application depending on the performance of your device because it installs a few natural language processing packages.



  • When you use this application for your research, please cite:
    Hwang, H., & Kim, H. (2023). Automatic analysis of constructional diversity as a predictor of EFL students’ writing proficiency. Applied Linguistics, 44(1), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac046

    Hwang, H., Choe, A., & Zenker, F. (2020). Construction Counter: A tool to measure (nonnative) language development. Brown Bag Series, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA. (April 16)